How has humanitarian intervention evolved in international practice, and what are common critiques of intervention after atrocities?

• A. H.I. has always been universally accepted with no controversy.
• B. From ad hoc responses to frameworks like R2P and UN-led actions; critiques include sovereignty breaches, selectivity, unintended consequences, and mission creep.
• C. H.I. is only a domestic matter.
• D. H.I. ignores international law.

Answer: (B)